长波红外差分干涉仪在低温工况下会因光学元件受到非均匀应力作用产生干涉条纹的畸变，从而降低干涉仪系统性能。本文为解决低温工况干涉条纹弯曲畸变问题，基于长波红外差分干涉仪光机系统进行了干涉条纹畸变影响因素分析，结合光-机-热耦合分析方法，对干涉仪系统低温工作状态进行仿真。随后设计了针对影响条纹畸变的关键元件——光栅元件的低温微应力动态稳定支撑安装结构，结构优化后的光栅表面面形均方根（Root Mean Square， RMS）值为3.89×10^-2 nm，面形峰谷值（Peak to Valley， PV）值为2.21×10^-1 nm，分别较优化前初始系统的分析结果减小了5个数量级，系统仿真干涉条纹畸变小于1个探测器像元。全系统低温验证试验表明，优化结构可有效抑制干涉条纹畸变，畸变量小于2个探测器像元，试验与仿真计算结果一致性较好，验证了优化分析方法的有效性。该优化方案对提升反射式光学系统结构低温稳定性，提高系统工作能力有较大意义和价值。

提出了一种含有光学参量放大器的复合腔磁系统。利用系统海森堡-郎之万演化方程和输入-输出关系研究了磁力诱导透明和快慢光效应。数值计算表明：当腔磁系统考虑磁振子-声子耦合时，出现双重透明窗口。磁振子-声子之间的耦合强度增强，透明窗口宽度变宽，深度加深。在系统中调控光学参量放大器的增益，吸收光谱在共振频率两侧出现不对称现象，吸收谱曲线的峰值随光学参量放大器增益的增加而变大。通过调节腔磁耦合强度，改变了吸收光谱和色散光谱的传输特性。此外，探测场的传输速率依赖于光学参量放大器的增益。腔磁系统的快慢光效应及其切换通过调控光学参量放大器得以实现。该研究结果可为量子光学操纵和量子信息存储的研究提供参考。

针对现有结构无法满足大尺寸差分干涉仪稳定性固定，以星载近红外差分干涉仪稳定性结构为研究目标，优化选择光学材料实现实体差分干涉仪的热补偿，提高了光学元件温度稳定性；以支撑结构的最大结构应力和光机粘接面处最大剪切应力小于许用应力为优化目标，建立数学模型，优化设计支撑结构参数，调节组件基频，提高了组件的力学稳定性。有限元分析支撑结构最大应力65.56 MPa，小于材料的抗拉强度，光机粘接面最大剪切应力3.4 MPa；环境温度变化5 ℃，分光棱镜面形RMS最大变化量1.671 nm，热应力带来的干涉图畸变可忽略。力学振动试验前后，光学测试干涉条纹频率（50个条纹数）未发生变化，差分干涉仪结构满足星载力学环境条件。该方法也适用于棱镜式干涉仪稳定性支撑结构。

Multilayer dielectric gratings (MLDGs) are crucial for pulse compression in picosecond–petawatt laser systems. Bulged nodular defects, embedded in coating stacks during multilayer deposition, influence the lithographic process and performance of the final MLDG products. In this study, the integration of nanosecond laser conditioning (NLC) into different manufacturing stages of MLDGs was proposed for the first time on multilayer dielectric films (MLDFs) and final grating products to improve laser-induced damage performance. The results suggest that the remaining nodular ejection pits introduced by the two protocols exhibit a high nanosecond laser damage resistance, which remains stable when the irradiated laser fluence is more than twice the nanosecond-laser-induced damage threshold (nanosecond-LIDT) of the unconditioned MLDGs. Furthermore, the picosecond-LIDT of the nodular ejection pit conditioned on the MLDFs was approximately 40% higher than that of the nodular defects, and the loss of the grating structure surrounding the nodular defects was avoided. Therefore, NLC is an effective strategy for improving the laser damage resistance of MLDGs.

The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of plate laser beam splitter (PLBS) coatings is closely related to the subsurface absorption defects of the substrate. Herein, a two-step deposition temperature method is proposed to understand the effect of substrate subsurface impurity defects on the LIDT of PLBS coatings. Firstly, BK7 substrates are heat-treated at three different temperatures. The surface morphology and subsurface impurity defect distribution of the substrate before and after the heat treatment are compared. Then, a PLBS coating consisting of alternating HfO₂–Al₂O₃ mixture and SiO₂ layers is designed to achieve a beam-splitting ratio (transmittance to reflectance, s-polarized light) of approximately 50:50 at 1053 nm and an angle of incidence of 45°, and it is prepared under four different deposition processes. The experimental and simulation results show that the subsurface impurity defects of the substrate migrate to the surface and accumulate on the surface during the heat treatment, and become absorption defect sources or nodule defect seeds in the coating, reducing the LIDT of the coating. The higher the heat treatment temperature, the more evident the migration and accumulation of impurity defects. A lower deposition temperature (at which the coating can be fully oxidized) helps to improve the LIDT of the PLBS coating. When the deposition temperature is 140°C, the LIDT (s-polarized light, wavelength: 1064 nm, pulse width: 9 ns, incident angle: 45°) of the PLBS coating is 26.2 J/cm², which is approximately 6.7 times that of the PLBS coating deposited at 200°C. We believe that the investigation into the laser damage mechanism of PLBS coatings will help to improve the LIDT of coatings with partial or high transmittance at laser wavelengths.

Polymeric nitrogen has attracted much attention owing to its possible application as an environmentally safe high-energy-density material. Based on a crystal structure search method accelerated by the use of machine learning and graph theory and on first-principles calculations, we predict a series of metal nitrides with chain-like polynitrogen (P2₁-AlN₆, P2₁-GaN₆, P-1-YN₆, and P4/mnc-TiN₈), all of which are estimated to be energetically stable below 40.8 GPa. Phonon calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature suggest that these nitrides are dynamically stable. We find that the nitrogen in these metal nitrides can polymerize into two types of poly-N42- chains, in which the π electrons are either extended or localized. Owing to the presence of the polymerized N₄ chains, these metal nitrides can store a large amount of chemical energy, which is estimated to range from 4.50 to 2.71 kJ/g. Moreover, these compounds have high detonation pressures and detonation velocities, exceeding those of conventional explosives such as TNT and HMX.

Multilayer dielectric gratings typically remove multiple-grating pillars after picosecond laser irradiation; however, the dynamic formation process of the removal is still unclear. In this study, the damage morphologies of multilayer dielectric gratings induced by an 8.6-ps laser pulse were closely examined. The damage included the removal of a single grating pillar and consecutive adjacent grating pillars and did not involve the destruction of the internal high-reflection mirror structure. Comparative analysis of the two damage morphological characteristics indicated the removal of adjacent pillars was related to an impact process caused by the eruption of localized materials from the left-hand pillar, exerting impact pressure on its adjacent pillars and eventually resulting in multiple pillar removal. A finite-element strain model was used to calculate the stress distribution of the grating after impact. According to the electric field distribution, the eruptive pressure of the dielectric materials after ionization was also simulated. The results suggest that the eruptive pressure resulted in a stress concentration at the root of the adjacent pillar that was sufficient to cause damage, corresponding to the experimental removal of the adjacent pillar from the root. This study provides further understanding of the laser-induced damage behavior of grating pillars and some insights into reducing the undesirable damage process for practical applications.

星载多普勒差分干涉仪通过探测气辉光谱测量中高层大气风场，为降低低层大气背景辐射的影响，需要设计杂散光抑制结构。以基于500 km轨道高度的卫星平台对60~90 km高度的中层大气风场探测为例，选取典型气辉辐射强度与大气背景辐射，依据不同高度下大气背景辐射强度变化，结合光学系统参数设计遮光罩。仿真分析多普勒差分干涉仪系统内部产生杂散光的关键面，设计杂光抑制结构，并评估干涉仪非工作级次能量对成像造成的影响。点源透过率分析和像面照度仿真结果表明：水平方向和对角线方向上，视场外0.2°处点源透过率下降到10^-5以下，竖直方向上，视场外0.04°处点源透过率下降到10^-5以下；大气背景辐射和鬼像占像面总能量的1.35%。所提杂散光抑制方法满足星载多普勒差分干涉仪对杂散光抑制的技术要求。